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Fix #17737: MusicXML import and export of linked staff - #35224

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ragesoss:musicxml-alternate-staves
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Resolves: #17737

This adds handling of an alternate staff to the importer. When a score is created with linked staves (like the notation and tab representations of a guitar part), that gets exported as alternate staff, which normally means both staves represent the same music in different ways (so only one should be played during playback, and an edit to one should also be applied to the other). Currently, the importer ignores this: #17737

The approach here assumes that linked staves are intended only for when it's the same music, so the importer will only make the alternate staff linked to the staff above after checking that the music is actually the same. This check is limited to notes and rests, so a tab annotation like "let ring" that isn't on the linked staff won't block the linkage, but different notes will.

Claude found a minor bug related to copying breath marks along the way (which also affects 'add linked staff' in the app), so the first commit is a fix for that.

The final commit handles cases where a pair of linked staves have tab on top and notation below, so those also get the alternate marker on export.

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CI is expected to fail until #35223 or similar lands.

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ragesoss marked this pull request as ready for review October 13, 2026 20:02
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  • src/importexport/musicxml/internal/import/importmusicxmlpass2.cpp

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📝 Walkthrough

The change updates linked-element insertion during staff cloning and adds MusicXML support for alternate linked staves. The exporter writes the alternate staff type for linked staves. The importer identifies alternate staves, compares their music with the staff above, and links matching staves while preserving selected notation and tablature details. New tests cover breath-mark cloning, MusicXML import, and round trips.

Priority: ➖ Normal

Severity of issue fixed: Medium

Merge Risk: ⚪ Minimal · up to 6ebe1

The previously reported breath-mark duplication risk is addressed, and no other actionable merge-blocking issue is established.

Pre-merge checks: Passed 4 · Failed 1

Failed Failed checks: 1 warning

Check name Status Explanation Resolution
Docstring Coverage Warning Docstring coverage is 63.16% which is insufficient. The required threshold is 80.00%. Docstring coverage is scoped to functions touched by this diff. Analyzed 19 functions across 6 files. Write docstrings for the functions missing them to satisfy the coverage threshold.
Passed Passed checks: 4 passed
Check name Status Explanation
Title check Passed The title clearly identifies the issue and the primary change: MusicXML import and export support for linked staves.
Description check Passed The description explains the motivation and implementation, references issue #17737, completes the required checklist, identifies the AI tool, and includes tests for the changes.
Linked Issues check Passed Issue #17737 requires MusicXML staff-type="alternate" support on import and export. The importer records alternate staves, compares note and rest content, and links matching staves. The exporter wri…
Out of Scope Changes check Passed The changes stay within issue #17737. The breath-mark copy fix supports linked-staff creation and has a focused test. The importer, exporter, fixtures, and round-trip tests implement or verify alterna…
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Actionable comments posted: 1


  • 🪄 Fix CodeRabbit comments on this PR
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Inline comments:
Review comments at
@src/importexport/musicxml/internal/import/importmusicxmlpass2.cpp:
- Around line 2205-2211: Before Excerpt::cloneStaff runs in linkStaff, remove
existing Breath elements from the target staff’s tracks across Breath segments
using the score’s undo-removal mechanism, preventing linked breaths from
overwriting occupied segment slots.

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  • src/engraving/dom/excerpt.cpp
  • src/engraving/tests/links_tests.cpp
  • src/importexport/musicxml/internal/export/exportmusicxml.cpp
  • src/importexport/musicxml/internal/import/importmusicxmlpass2.cpp
  • src/importexport/musicxml/internal/import/importmusicxmlpass2.h
  • src/importexport/musicxml/tests/data/testLinkedStaves1.xml
  • src/importexport/musicxml/tests/data/testLinkedStaves1_ref.mscx
  • src/importexport/musicxml/tests/data/testLinkedStaves2.xml
  • src/importexport/musicxml/tests/data/testLinkedStaves3.xml
  • src/importexport/musicxml/tests/musicxml_tests.cpp

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Comment thread src/importexport/musicxml/internal/import/importmusicxmlpass2.cpp
@ragesoss
ragesoss force-pushed the musicxml-alternate-staves branch from 5597b45 to 6ebe120 Compare October 13, 2026 20:57
@mathesoncalum

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Thanks for this!

CI is expected to fail until #35223 or similar lands

The fix is now merged - could you do a quick rebase on top of it?

…e new staff only

Excerpt::cloneStaff() links the two staves first, then adds the copy of each
item in the source staff's segments with undoAddElement(), which adds a
breath mark or a clef to every linked staff. The copy of a breath mark was
added to the source staff too, in place of the original: the original was
left out of the score, though still the main item of a group of three
linked breath marks, and saving the score failed an assertion in debug
builds (TWrite::writeItemLink, eidOfMainElement.isValid()). Add each copy to
the new staff only, as cloneStaff() already does for fermatas.

Assisted-by: Claude Opus 5.5
A staff with <staff-type>alternate</staff-type> shows the same music as the
staff above it, another way; MuseScore writes a linked staff, such as a
guitar's tablature, so (since 4.4). The importer ignored it: the tablature
came back as a second, unlinked copy of the music, and both staves played.

Once the score is read, link each such staff and the staff above, if the
two have the same music: the same chords and rests, with the same durations
and pitches, in every voice; otherwise they stay as they are. The standard
staff's music is kept, with the strings and frets of the tablature's notes
(the file gives a standard staff's notes none); the other staff's chords
and rests, and its key signatures, barlines and breath marks where the
kept staff has them too, are replaced by linked clones, as when adding a
linked staff.
What the file has on that staff alone stays there: its lyrics, a spanner
the other staff does not have (such as a let ring line under the
tablature), the look of its tuplets; and a tablature written without stems
or rests keeps that look in its staff type. A staff marked alternate under
one that is already linked joins its group.

MuseScore 4.4.0 to 4.5.2 wrote a tablature's dotted notes without their
dots (musescore#28290), so the two staves of such a file differ, and stay unlinked.

Assisted-by: Claude Opus 5.5
… other staff details

A staff linked to the staff above is written with
<staff-type>alternate</staff-type>, inside <staff-details>, but that is
written only for a staff that needs it otherwise (a tablature, a staff
without 5 lines, a small or hidden staff). A standard staff linked under
a tablature was not marked, and the two staves came back unlinked.

Assisted-by: Claude Opus 5.5
@ragesoss
ragesoss force-pushed the musicxml-alternate-staves branch from 6ebe120 to eaccc36 Compare October 14, 2026 14:19
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@mathesoncalum: rebased.

@mathesoncalum
mathesoncalum requested a review from miiizen October 14, 2026 15:59

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MusicXML import and export of linked staff

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