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[None][fix] Drain captured guided-decoding host functions before multimodal encoders and skip guided work in unconstrained eager forwards - #20011
With one-model speculative decoding, guided decoding runs as GIL-taking CUDA host functions captured into the decode CUDA graphs, so a multimodal encoder that holds the GIL while waiting on the device (the vision tower's cuDNN plan build for a new image shape) deadlocks the engine against one still pending from a replayed graph. Each replay of a graph that captured host functions records an event, and the engine waits on that event before an encoder runs. Eager forwards with no grammar-constrained request skip the guided-decoding work but still wait on the event, because the drafter forward that follows can also hold the GIL. CUDA-graph forwards keep the guided work they captured.
Cost
Eager forwards wait no longer than they already do on main, where _drain_host_functions blocks every eager forward at the same point. Cross-iteration multimodal encoder prefetch is skipped from the replay of a graph with host functions until the engine next waits for them, so with guided decoding, one-model speculative decoding and CUDA graphs all enabled, most images are encoded when they are scheduled instead of ahead of time. Other configurations capture no host functions and keep prefetch.
Test Coverage
New tests in test_guided_hostfunc_drain.py pin the encoder drain (only when a graph holds host functions, never while capturing, always before the encoder runs) and the active flag (an eager forward with nothing constrained enqueues no host function, a CUDA-graph forward always runs its guided work), and the existing drain and SA rollback tests pass. End to end on a Nemotron-H VLM (MTP with 3 draft tokens, xgrammar, 1x B200), OCRBench v2 with concurrent strict json_schema traffic completes 750/750 where it previously deadlocked at 9-13 rollouts, strict schemas stay enforced (10/10 on the reported repro, 2,093/2,125 in a 15-minute mixed text/image/schema stress whose 32 misses are all max_tokens truncations), and against the same build without this PR, run concurrently on the same node, throughput is unchanged while the baseline deadlocks under image-heavy load:
Workload (180 s window)
This PR
Without this PR
Text: 32 streams x 512 tokens
3,428 tok/s
3,368 tok/s
Mixed: 28 text + 4 json_schema streams
2,890 + 489 tok/s, 264/264 valid
2,884 + 492 tok/s, 248/248 valid
Images: 32 random-size image + 16 text streams
12.2 image req/s, 0 errors
deadlocked: 0 of 48 streams completed, worker restarted
These end-to-end numbers come from an earlier revision of this PR, which waited with a full device synchronize and had no prefetch gate.
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Walkthrough
Guided decoding now skips work for inactive eager batches and remains active for CUDA-graph batches. Graph replays that register host functions track completion events. Decoder and multimodal paths drain captured host functions before selected work.
CapturableGuidedDecoder tracks whether guided decoding is active. Inactive eager batches skip guided and draft operations; inactive batches raise during CUDA graph capture. The input preparer passes CUDA graph state, and tests cover activation and inactive operations.
The graph runner tracks graphs that register host functions and records replay events for them. Helpers report pending status and drain replay events outside stream capture.
Host-function draining before multimodal work tensorrt_llm/_torch/models/modeling_multimodal_*.py, tensorrt_llm/_torch/pyexecutor/engine/multimodal.py, tensorrt_llm/_torch/pyexecutor/engine/runners/decoder/runner.py, tests/unittest/_torch/multimodal/test_mm_encoder_cross_iter_prefetch.py, tests/unittest/_torch/pyexecutor/engine/test_multimodal.py, tests/unittest/_torch/speculative/hw_agnostic/test_guided_hostfunc_drain.py
Multimodal paths identify parameters that need an encoder and defer prefetch while host functions are pending. The decoder runner and multimodal scheduler drain captured host functions before selected work. Tests cover prefetch gating, encoder selection, and drain ordering.
sequenceDiagram
participant CUDAGraphRunner
participant hostfunc
participant DecoderRunner
participant MultimodalItemScheduler
CUDAGraphRunner->>hostfunc: record replay event for tracked graph
DecoderRunner->>hostfunc: drain before graph execution when encoder is needed
MultimodalItemScheduler->>hostfunc: drain before encoder forward
Loading
Possibly related issues
NVIDIA/TensorRT-LLM#21460: The PR skips guided work for eager batches without guided requests, matching the issue’s reported behavior.
Possibly related PRs
NVIDIA/TensorRT-LLM#21568: Both PRs skip guided work for eager batches without guided requests and preserve CUDA-graph behavior; this PR uses an active flag and adds host-function draining.
Suggested reviewers: juney-nvidia
Merge Risk: Minimal · previous review bab4e
This change drains captured guided-decoding host functions before multimodal encoder work, which avoids the reported deadlock under concurrent guided and image traffic. Cross-iteration encoder prefetch can be skipped on consecutive guided CUDA-graph replays, a bounded throughput tradeoff. No concrete merge-blocking risk remains.
Security architecture risk: Low · up to bab4e
The change is designed to prevent requests from stalling without weakening response constraints. No new security issue was established in the reviewed paths, but concurrent execution and failure recovery remain partially verified.
Retained concerns
No architecture-level concerns identified.
Security review details
Security Blast Radius
inferred — The material security-relevant outcome is shared-worker availability: a GIL/device wait cycle can stall other requests sharing the affected execution process and GPU path. The reviewed coordination targets that existing failure mode; deployment-wide exposure is not established.
Trust Boundaries and Controls
observed — The suspected stale-snapshot path through executor-level rollback calls is bounded by decoder ownership. Those calls use self.guided_decoder, while one-model speculative decoding installs a separate capturable decoder. Within the capturable decoder, the inspected execution and rollback-batch entrypoints apply the activity guard.
Resilience and Maintainability Implications
observed — Callback failures retain batch-number attribution and are consumed after the associated sampler synchronization. Inactive eager batches do not advance the handover counter, while active batches continue to receive monotonically increasing identifiers.
Hardening Proposals
proposed — If independent engines or unordered execution streams are supported within one process, scope replay completion tracking to their owners and retain all outstanding completions. The current single module-global event should not be assumed to provide that broader concurrency guarantee.
Pre-merge checks: 4
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Title check
The title follows the repository format and clearly summarizes the host-function drain and eager guided-decoding changes.
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Description check
The description explains the deadlock and proposed fix, summarizes test coverage and reported results, and includes the PR checklist and GitHub Bot Help section.
Finishing Touches
Generate unit tests (beta)
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The guard at tensorrt_llm/_torch/pyexecutor/guided_decoder.py:569 changes observable batch-transition behavior. Add a unit test that calls add_batch with guided, unguided, and guided batches. Assert that the unguided batch queues nothing and that the final guided batch uses its own request snapshot.
The current implementation handles this sequence correctly. The missing test is a mandatory coverage gap, not a current production failure.
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Review comment at @tensorrt_llm/_torch/pyexecutor/guided_decoder.py at line 569:
Add regression coverage for the guided-to-unguided-to-guided transition in
CapturableGuidedDecoder.add_batch: assert the unguided batch queues nothing and
the final guided batch uses its own request snapshot, not the first batch’s
snapshot.
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Nitpick comments:
Review comments at @tensorrt_llm/_torch/pyexecutor/guided_decoder.py:
- Line 569: Add regression coverage for the guided-to-unguided-to-guided
transition in CapturableGuidedDecoder.add_batch: assert the unguided batch
queues nothing and the final guided batch uses its own request snapshot, not the
first batch’s snapshot.
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Reviewing files that changed from the base of the PR and between cc63e66 and d2bb963.
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tensorrt_llm/_torch/pyexecutor/guided_decoder.py
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Add an engine-boundary regression test for maybe_graph.
_prepare_tp_inputs now forwards maybe_graph to guided_decoder.add_batch, but no test exercises this handoff. Add a focused test in tests/unittest/_torch/executor/test_pytorch_model_engine.py for a graph hit and an unconstrained eager fallback. Assert the is_cuda_graph value received by the decoder and that the eager fallback does not queue guided work.
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Review comment at @tensorrt_llm/_torch/pyexecutor/model_engine.py at line 4773:
Add a focused engine-boundary regression test for the `_prepare_tp_inputs`
handoff to `guided_decoder.add_batch`: cover both a CUDA graph hit and an
unconstrained eager fallback, assert the decoder receives the expected
`is_cuda_graph` value, and verify the eager fallback does not queue guided work.
🪄 Fix CodeRabbit comments on this PR
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Inline comments:
Review comments at
@tests/unittest/_torch/speculative/hw_agnostic/test_guided_hostfunc_drain.py:
- Line 243: Remove the `_get_uncached_multimodal_params` mock from the test so
the cached-embedding selector runs its real logic, and assert that the encoder
is not called when using a cached embedding.
---
Nitpick comments:
Review comments at @tensorrt_llm/_torch/pyexecutor/model_engine.py:
- Line 4773: Add a focused engine-boundary regression test for the
`_prepare_tp_inputs` handoff to `guided_decoder.add_batch`: cover both a CUDA
graph hit and an unconstrained eager fallback, assert the decoder receives the
expected `is_cuda_graph` value, and verify the eager fallback does not queue
guided work.
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aswinvisva
changed the title
[None][fix] Skip guided-decoding host functions when no request in the batch is grammar-constrained
[None][fix] Drain captured guided-decoding host functions before multimodal encoders and skip guided work in unconstrained eager forwards
Oct 9, 2026
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The deadlock analysis is clear and the end-to-end numbers on Nemotron-H are convincing. The main gap is coverage: the drain sits in get_multimodal_embeddings, and some encoder paths don't go through it (see the inline comment on modeling_multimodal_utils.py). Those models can still hit the same deadlock.
Ticket: this fixes a production deadlock but the title says [None]. Please cite the NVBug in the title or description.
Image throughput: the table has no image-workload comparison (the baseline deadlocks), so the cost of the per-encoder torch.cuda.synchronize() isn't measured. A before/after for image traffic with guided decoding disabled would show the drain doesn't hurt deployments that never send a schema. Every one-model-spec + guided-decoding deployment will pay this cost.
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The drain misses several encoder execution paths. The new call in modeling_multimodal_utils.py:312 protects only encoders reached through get_multimodal_embeddings. These paths still call encode_multimodal_inputs directly:
Item scheduling: forward_multimodal_encoder_items → encoder, including Qwen3-VL and Mistral.
Partial encoder-cache hits: _encode_with_partial_cache → encoder, before reaching the protected helper.
With captured guided-decoding callbacks pending, those encoders can still enter a GIL-holding device wait and retain the same deadlock window.
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Requesting changes: conflicts with main in model_engine.py, and one question inline about losing the eager drain that #19455 relies on. brnguyen2's and cascade812's earlier points are still open.
The drain test injects an event directly. It can pass if record_hostfunc_graph_replay() stops recording or storing events. Add a test for the recording helper:
Suggested test
+def test_record_hostfunc_graph_replay(monkeypatch):+ event = MagicMock(name="replay_event")+ monkeypatch.setattr(hostfunc, "_replay_event", None)++ with patch("torch.cuda.Event", return_value=event):+ hostfunc.record_hostfunc_graph_replay()++ event.record.assert_called_once_with()+ assert hostfunc._replay_event is event++
@pytest.mark.parametrize("capturing", [False, True])
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Review comment at
@tests/unittest/_torch/speculative/hw_agnostic/test_guided_hostfunc_drain.py
around lines 209 - 219:
Add a focused test for hostfunc.record_hostfunc_graph_replay that starts with
_replay_event unset and verifies the helper creates and records an event and
stores it in _replay_event. Keep the existing drain test focused on drain
behavior.
The test replaces hostfuncs_pending, so it can pass if the prefetch module uses the wrong helper. Use a mock replay event to exercise the helper and gate together.
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only still-valid issues, skip the rest with a brief reason, keep changes
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Review comment at
@tests/unittest/_torch/multimodal/test_mm_encoder_cross_iter_prefetch.py around
lines 260 - 281:
Update test_cross_iter_prefetch_skips_while_hostfuncs_pending to exercise the
real host-function pending helper instead of mocking mm_mixin.hostfuncs_pending
directly. Mock the replay event so the helper reports both pending and
non-pending states, and preserve the assertions that prefetch dispatch occurs
only when host functions are not pending.
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only still-valid issues, skip the rest with a brief reason, keep changes
minimal, and validate.
Nitpick comments:
Review comments at
@tests/unittest/_torch/multimodal/test_mm_encoder_cross_iter_prefetch.py:
- Around line 260-281: Update
test_cross_iter_prefetch_skips_while_hostfuncs_pending to exercise the real
host-function pending helper instead of mocking mm_mixin.hostfuncs_pending
directly. Mock the replay event so the helper reports both pending and
non-pending states, and preserve the assertions that prefetch dispatch occurs
only when host functions are not pending.
Review comments at
@tests/unittest/_torch/speculative/hw_agnostic/test_guided_hostfunc_drain.py:
- Around line 209-219: Add a focused test for
hostfunc.record_hostfunc_graph_replay that starts with _replay_event unset and
verifies the helper creates and records an event and stores it in _replay_event.
Keep the existing drain test focused on drain behavior.
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This assertion covers only is_cuda_graph=False. Add a case in test_prepare_inputs_returns_steady_gen_fast_inputs with maybe_graph=True, and assert that add_batch receives is_cuda_graph=True. Otherwise, input preparation could pass False during capture without this test detecting the resulting inactive-capture error. As per path instructions, “Flag material coverage gaps such as: ... configuration option ... or runtime behavior ... with no meaningful test.” (raw.githubusercontent.com)
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Review comment at
@tests/unittest/_torch/pyexecutor/engine/runners/decoder/test_inputs.py at line
289:
Extend test_prepare_inputs_returns_steady_gen_fast_inputs with a graph-enabled
case using maybe_graph=True, and assert that the add_batch call receives
is_cuda_graph=True. Preserve the existing non-graph case and its assertion.
The inactive-operation tests do not call add_draft_batch. In test_guided_hostfunc_drain.py, add a case that follows an active batch with an inactive batch. Assert that the inactive call copies neither draft tokens nor accepted counts and does not record token_event. This catches a regression that restores guided work for unconstrained eager forwards.
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Review comment at @tensorrt_llm/_torch/pyexecutor/guided_decoder.py around lines
728 - 729:
Add an inactive-path case in the tests for add_draft_batch that runs an active
batch followed by an inactive batch. Assert that the inactive call copies
neither draft tokens nor accepted counts and does not record token_event,
preserving the early return when _skip_inactive() is true.
Fix comments: Fix CodeRabbit comments on this PR
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Inline comments:
Review comments at @tensorrt_llm/_torch/models/modeling_multimodal_mixin.py:
- Around line 1816-1817: Update the prefetch decision in the
`hostfuncs_pending()` branch so it is consistent across tensor-parallel ranks,
using an established rank-coordination mechanism or consistently disabling
prefetch when guided graph work may be pending. Preserve the existing prefetch
behavior when no such work is pending, and add a two-rank regression test with
differing local pending states that verifies both ranks choose the same
decision.
---
Nitpick comments:
Review comments at @tensorrt_llm/_torch/pyexecutor/guided_decoder.py:
- Around line 728-729: Add an inactive-path case in the tests for
add_draft_batch that runs an active batch followed by an inactive batch. Assert
that the inactive call copies neither draft tokens nor accepted counts and does
not record token_event, preserving the early return when _skip_inactive() is
true.
Review comments at
@tests/unittest/_torch/pyexecutor/engine/runners/decoder/test_inputs.py:
- Line 289: Extend test_prepare_inputs_returns_steady_gen_fast_inputs with a
graph-enabled case using maybe_graph=True, and assert that the add_batch call
receives is_cuda_graph=True. Preserve the existing non-graph case and its
assertion.
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Approving — the comments below are optional touch-ups, not blockers.
The three earlier coverage and perf concerns are resolved in the code:
The scheduled item path ([engine/multimodal.py:588](https://github.com/NVIDIA/TensorRT-LLM/pull/20011/files#diff-7d7938732ecf1579b7e02f6ceea4db74985e8aecc4f0df6eeaee87d8a1ede835R588)) now drains, and so does the model forward when inputs need the encoder ([runner.py:815](https://github.com/NVIDIA/TensorRT-LLM/pull/20011/files#diff-051c5d0105abe430f56cf96ca0dd27b1a9640410b45dc7e7b2a18eb16352bdd8R815)). Cross-iteration prefetch is gated ([modeling_multimodal_mixin.py:1816](https://github.com/NVIDIA/TensorRT-LLM/pull/20011/files#diff-6f6923e937d1d31a297748efd8e6c7ad6d60ebade66f73b9516e09c799694befR1816)), which also covers _encode_with_partial_cache on the side stream.
Capturing a graph while guided decoding is inactive raises, and a test covers it.
The drain waits on a replay event instead of calling torch.cuda.synchronize(). hostfuncs_pending reads only host state, so TP ranks reach the same answer.
One suggestion on the description: it's now an auto-generated summary, and the deadlock explanation and Nemotron-H numbers from the earlier version are gone. Could you restore those? If the data is easy to gather, an image or video workload throughput comparison would also be a useful addition, since prefetch is now skipped in most guided-decoding steps (see inline).
Automatically added "ci: full pre-merge approved" because this PR has satisfied the required GitHub review approvals. Unresolved review conversations and other required checks remain independent merge requirements.
Problem:
This PR had changed the Nemotron-H RADIO vision default from
FLASHINFER to TRTLLM to match open PR NVIDIA#21458, with its comment that
FlashInfer's cuDNN prefill plan build can stall during CUDA graph
replay. That hang matches the GIL deadlock reported in NVIDIA#20011 (one-
model speculative decoding plus guided decoding), not a FlashInfer
bug, and FlashInfer is faster for large images. Changing the default
for every GPU is outside the scope of this PR.
Solution:
Keep main's FLASHINFER default for the RADIO vision encoder and drop
the copied comment. VANILLA and TRTLLM stay selectable through
encoder_attention_backend. Update the sentence under the docs table
and test_radio_encoder_backend_keeps_decoder (TRTLLM decoder,
FLASHINFER default, VANILLA and TRTLLM overrides).
Validation:
The repo's Python pre-commit hooks pass on the changed files. On CPU,
test_encoder_attention_backend.py passes 61/61, and
test_modeling_nemotron_h_multimodal.py matches the previous head and
main case for case. With no override, the encoder is built with the
same backend as on main.
Signed-off-by: Yechan Kim <161688079+yechank-nvidia@users.noreply.github.com>
…imodal encoders and skip guided work in unconstrained eager forwards
Signed-off-by: Aswin Visva <31215515+aswinvisva@users.noreply.github.com>
Problem:
This PR had changed the Nemotron-H RADIO vision default from
FLASHINFER to TRTLLM to match open PR NVIDIA#21458, with its comment that
FlashInfer's cuDNN prefill plan build can stall during CUDA graph
replay. That hang matches the GIL deadlock reported in NVIDIA#20011 (one-
model speculative decoding plus guided decoding), not a FlashInfer
bug, and FlashInfer is faster for large images. Changing the default
for every GPU is outside the scope of this PR.
Solution:
Keep main's FLASHINFER default for the RADIO vision encoder and drop
the copied comment. VANILLA and TRTLLM stay selectable through
encoder_attention_backend. Update the sentence under the docs table
and test_radio_encoder_backend_keeps_decoder (TRTLLM decoder,
FLASHINFER default, VANILLA and TRTLLM overrides).
Validation:
The repo's Python pre-commit hooks pass on the changed files. On CPU,
test_encoder_attention_backend.py passes 61/61, and
test_modeling_nemotron_h_multimodal.py matches the previous head and
main case for case. With no override, the encoder is built with the
same backend as on main.
Signed-off-by: Yechan Kim <161688079+yechank-nvidia@users.noreply.github.com>
Problem:
This PR had changed the Nemotron-H RADIO vision default from
FLASHINFER to TRTLLM to match open PR NVIDIA#21458, with its comment that
FlashInfer's cuDNN prefill plan build can stall during CUDA graph
replay. That hang matches the GIL deadlock reported in NVIDIA#20011 (one-
model speculative decoding plus guided decoding), not a FlashInfer
bug, and FlashInfer is faster for large images. Changing the default
for every GPU is outside the scope of this PR.
Solution:
Keep main's FLASHINFER default for the RADIO vision encoder and drop
the copied comment. VANILLA and TRTLLM stay selectable through
encoder_attention_backend. Update the sentence under the docs table
and test_radio_encoder_backend_keeps_decoder (TRTLLM decoder,
FLASHINFER default, VANILLA and TRTLLM overrides).
Validation:
The repo's Python pre-commit hooks pass on the changed files. On CPU,
test_encoder_attention_backend.py passes 61/61, and
test_modeling_nemotron_h_multimodal.py matches the previous head and
main case for case. With no override, the encoder is built with the
same backend as on main.
Signed-off-by: Yechan Kim <161688079+yechank-nvidia@users.noreply.github.com>
yechank-nvidia
added a commit
to yechank-nvidia/TensorRT-LLM
that referenced
this pull request
Nov 12, 2026
Problem:
This PR had changed the Nemotron-H RADIO vision default from
FLASHINFER to TRTLLM to match open PR NVIDIA#21458, with its comment that
FlashInfer's cuDNN prefill plan build can stall during CUDA graph
replay. That hang matches the GIL deadlock reported in NVIDIA#20011 (one-
model speculative decoding plus guided decoding), not a FlashInfer
bug, and FlashInfer is faster for large images. Changing the default
for every GPU is outside the scope of this PR.
Solution:
Keep main's FLASHINFER default for the RADIO vision encoder and drop
the copied comment. VANILLA and TRTLLM stay selectable through
encoder_attention_backend. Update the sentence under the docs table
and test_radio_encoder_backend_keeps_decoder (TRTLLM decoder,
FLASHINFER default, VANILLA and TRTLLM overrides).
Validation:
The repo's Python pre-commit hooks pass on the changed files. On CPU,
test_encoder_attention_backend.py passes 61/61, and
test_modeling_nemotron_h_multimodal.py matches the previous head and
main case for case. With no override, the encoder is built with the
same backend as on main.
Signed-off-by: Yechan Kim <161688079+yechank-nvidia@users.noreply.github.com>
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Description
With one-model speculative decoding, guided decoding runs as GIL-taking CUDA host functions captured into the decode CUDA graphs, so a multimodal encoder that holds the GIL while waiting on the device (the vision tower's cuDNN plan build for a new image shape) deadlocks the engine against one still pending from a replayed graph. Each replay of a graph that captured host functions records an event, and the engine waits on that event before an encoder runs. Eager forwards with no grammar-constrained request skip the guided-decoding work but still wait on the event, because the drafter forward that follows can also hold the GIL. CUDA-graph forwards keep the guided work they captured.
Cost
Eager forwards wait no longer than they already do on main, where
_drain_host_functionsblocks every eager forward at the same point. Cross-iteration multimodal encoder prefetch is skipped from the replay of a graph with host functions until the engine next waits for them, so with guided decoding, one-model speculative decoding and CUDA graphs all enabled, most images are encoded when they are scheduled instead of ahead of time. Other configurations capture no host functions and keep prefetch.Test Coverage
New tests in
test_guided_hostfunc_drain.pypin the encoder drain (only when a graph holds host functions, never while capturing, always before the encoder runs) and the active flag (an eager forward with nothing constrained enqueues no host function, a CUDA-graph forward always runs its guided work), and the existing drain and SA rollback tests pass. End to end on a Nemotron-H VLM (MTP with 3 draft tokens, xgrammar, 1x B200), OCRBench v2 with concurrent strictjson_schematraffic completes 750/750 where it previously deadlocked at 9-13 rollouts, strict schemas stay enforced (10/10 on the reported repro, 2,093/2,125 in a 15-minute mixed text/image/schema stress whose 32 misses are allmax_tokenstruncations), and against the same build without this PR, run concurrently on the same node, throughput is unchanged while the baseline deadlocks under image-heavy load:json_schemastreamsThese end-to-end numbers come from an earlier revision of this PR, which waited with a full device synchronize and had no prefetch gate.
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