test(cli,tui): typecheck the __tests__ dirs (split from #1767 — 76 type errors to resolve) #1791

Summary

Split out from #1767 (the third of its three bullets) during the tidy-bundle PR that closed the rest. The cli and tui typecheck scripts (tsc --noEmit -p tsconfig.json, added in #1689) include only src and exclude **/*.test.{ts,tsx}, so the __tests__ dirs — which do the most as casting — get no tsc pass. web already typechecks its tests via tsc -b.

A spike (adding a tsconfig.test.json per client that includes __tests__ with the test-exclusions removed, and running tsc --noEmit on it) surfaces 76 errors — cli 58, tui 18 — which is why this was carved out of the tidy bundle rather than rushed:

cli:  24× TS7006 (implicit any params)
      19× TS2345 (partial mocks passed where InspectorClient / InspectorServerSettings expected)
      15× TS2307 (test-only module aliases tsc doesn't resolve:
                  @modelcontextprotocol/inspector-test-server, @inspector/core/mcp/index.js)
tui:   6× TS2322, 5× TS2556, 4× TS2345, 1× TS2741, 1× TS2739, 1× TS2353

Proposed

• Add a tsconfig.test.json to clients/cli and clients/tui that inherits the base compilerOptions, includes __tests__/**/*, and drops the **/*.test.* exclusions. Add the test-only path aliases (@modelcontextprotocol/inspector-test-server, the @inspector/core/* deep paths) so tsc resolves what vitest resolves via resolve/projectResolve.
• Fold tsc --noEmit -p tsconfig.test.json into each client's typecheck (it already runs the src-only config).
• Fix what it surfaces. The implicit-anys are trivial annotations; the alias errors are the config above; the partial-mock TS2345s should be fixed with typed mock factories where practical rather than a spray of as unknown as casts (per the AGENTS.md as-cast policy) — a shared makeFakeInspectorClient() / makeFakeServerSettings() helper is likely the right shape.

Notes

• Gate coverage only; no runtime behavior change.
• The scaffolding (per-client tsconfig.test.json + the && tsc -p tsconfig.test.json wiring) was prototyped and reverted in the Close remaining quality-gate gaps: web/server + root-file format, cli/tui __tests__ typecheck #1767 tidy PR — reuse it as the starting point.