[Epic]: Complete ROW Format (Missing features) #1861

Goal: a complete row implementation, fully used in pipeline breaker operators when possible.

Summary
TLDR: The key focus of this work is to speed up fundamentally row oriented operations like hash table lookup or comparisons (e.g. #2427)

Background

DataFusion, like many Arrow systems, is a classic "vectorized computation engine" which works quite well for many common operations. The following paper, gives a good treatment on the various tradeoffs between vectorized and JIT's compilation of query plans: https://db.in.tum.de/~kersten/vectorization_vs_compilation.pdf?lang=de

As mentioned in the paper, there are some fundamentally "row oriented" operations in a database that are not typically amenable to vectorization. The "classics" are: Hash table updates in Joins and Hash Aggregates, as well as comparing tuples in sort.

When operating with a Row based format, the per-tuple type dispatch overhead becomes quite important, so such operations are typically implemented using just in time compilation (JIT) or other unsafe mechanims to minimize the overhead

@yjshen added initial support for JIT'ing in #1849 and it currently lives in https://github.com/apache/arrow-datafusion/tree/master/datafusion/jit. He also added partial support for aggregates in #2375

This ticket tracks the remaining work to fully support row formats, including JIT'ing

Getters and setters

• Avoid unnecessary branching in row read/write if schema is null-free #1891
• 1. Support all types that ScalarValue supports
  • 1.1 all basic types
    • 1.1.1 Decimal
    • 1.1.2 Timestamp
    • 1.1.3 Date
    • 1.1.4 Interval
    • 1.1.5 Null
  • 1.2 composite types: List / Struct
• 2. Make varlena offset + length a type parameter for reader and writer, for space efficiency
• 3. Assertion based on schema before getting. Think date64 as an example.

Formats

• 1. basics: Support Multiple row layout #2188
• 2. Compact: write once, never update, Eq comparable
  • 2.1 all type supports
• 3. WordAligned: update heavy on cells
  • 3.1 all basic type supports
  • 3.2 Varlena out-of-place store in memory, and inline/de-inline while serializing/deserializing
• 4. RawComparable: best effort comparable based on raw bytes
  • 4.1 null-inline
  • 4.2 float bytes comparable
  • 4.3 comparator with best effort &[u8] comp, and interleave with varlena compare field-by-field

Hook into execution (mainly the pipeline-breakers)

• Sort
  • Improve Sorting / Merge performance  #2427
  • RawComparable as SortByKey
  • payload Buffer records in row format in memory for SortExec #2146
  • Improve Sorting / Merge performance  #2427
• Aggregate
  • basics: Compact row as GroupByKey, WordAligned row as aggregation buffer Grouped Aggregate in row format #2375
  • Unify GroupByRowRow and GroupByRow: Consolidate GroupByHash implementations row_hash.rs and hash.rs (remove duplication) #2723
  • GroupBy: complete full row-based accumulator support.
• Join
  • Compact row as HashJoinKey
  • RawComparable row as MergeJoinKey
  • Compact row as Join payloads

Cleanups

• Getter / setter / accessor consolidation, DRY

JIT

• basics: JIT the tuple field get/set with schema, avoid branching for each field in each row. (Try to fix in Introduce JIT code generation #1849 )
• TBD