diff --git a/docs/guide/api-plugin.md b/docs/guide/api-plugin.md
index 272461da446b5e..16fd8c50210d69 100644
--- a/docs/guide/api-plugin.md
+++ b/docs/guide/api-plugin.md
@@ -337,6 +337,58 @@ Vite plugins can also provide hooks that serve Vite-specific purposes. These hoo
   })
   ```
 
+### `closeServer`
+
+- **Type:** `(context: { reason: 'restart' | 'close' }) => void | Promise<void>`
+- **Kind:** `async`, `parallel`
+- **Scope:** [Global](/guide/api-environment-plugins#per-environment-hooks-and-global-hooks)
+
+  Called when the dev server is restarted or closed, after the server has been torn down. Typically used to dispose resources created in [`configureServer`](/guide/api-plugin.html#configureserver).
+
+  The `context.reason` distinguishes the two cases:
+  - `'restart'`: the server is restarting (e.g. a config file change or a call to `server.restart()`).
+  - `'close'`: the server is shutting down (e.g. the `q` shortcut, or a call to `server.close()`).
+
+  ```js
+  const myPlugin = () => {
+    let resource
+    return {
+      name: 'close-server',
+      configureServer(server) {
+        resource = createResource()
+      },
+      async closeServer({ reason }) {
+        if (reason === 'close') {
+          await resource.dispose()
+        }
+      },
+    }
+  }
+  ```
+
+### `closePreviewServer`
+
+- **Type:** `() => void | Promise<void>`
+- **Kind:** `async`, `parallel`
+- **Scope:** [Global](/guide/api-environment-plugins#per-environment-hooks-and-global-hooks)
+
+  Same as [`closeServer`](/guide/api-plugin.html#closeserver) but for the preview server. The preview server never restarts, so there is no `reason`.
+
+  ```js
+  const myPlugin = () => {
+    let resource
+    return {
+      name: 'close-preview-server',
+      configurePreviewServer(server) {
+        resource = createResource()
+      },
+      async closePreviewServer() {
+        await resource.dispose()
+      },
+    }
+  }
+  ```
+
 ### `transformIndexHtml`
 
 - **Type:** `IndexHtmlTransformHook | { order?: 'pre' | 'post', handler: IndexHtmlTransformHook }`
diff --git a/packages/vite/src/node/__tests__/plugins/hooks.spec.ts b/packages/vite/src/node/__tests__/plugins/hooks.spec.ts
index 53438096c22011..31f5ddf12b231b 100644
--- a/packages/vite/src/node/__tests__/plugins/hooks.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/vite/src/node/__tests__/plugins/hooks.spec.ts
@@ -446,3 +446,169 @@ describe('watcher add/unlink error handling', () => {
     expect(logError).toHaveBeenCalledWith(error)
   })
 })
+
+describe('closeServer hook', () => {
+  test('is called with reason "close" on server.close()', async () => {
+    const closeServer = vi.fn()
+    const server = await createServerWithPlugin({
+      name: 'test',
+      closeServer,
+    })
+
+    await server.close()
+
+    expect(closeServer).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1)
+    expect(closeServer).toHaveBeenCalledWith({ reason: 'close' })
+  })
+
+  test('receives a minimal plugin context as `this`', async () => {
+    expect.assertions(2)
+
+    const server = await createServerWithPlugin({
+      name: 'test',
+      closeServer() {
+        expect(this).toMatchObject({
+          debug: expect.any(Function),
+          info: expect.any(Function),
+          warn: expect.any(Function),
+          error: expect.any(Function),
+          meta: expect.any(Object),
+        })
+        // Global hooks don't have an environment.
+        expect(this).not.toHaveProperty('environment')
+      },
+    })
+
+    await server.close()
+  })
+
+  test('is awaited before server.close() resolves', async () => {
+    let hookDone = false
+    const server = await createServerWithPlugin({
+      name: 'test',
+      async closeServer() {
+        await new Promise((r) => setTimeout(r, 10))
+        hookDone = true
+      },
+    })
+
+    await server.close()
+
+    // `server.close()` does not resolve until the async hook has completed.
+    expect(hookDone).toBe(true)
+  })
+
+  test('runs after the server is torn down (after closeBundle)', async () => {
+    const order: string[] = []
+    const server = await createServerWithPlugin({
+      name: 'test',
+      closeBundle() {
+        order.push('closeBundle')
+      },
+      closeServer() {
+        order.push('closeServer')
+      },
+    })
+
+    await server.close()
+
+    // `closeBundle` runs as part of teardown (once per environment); the
+    // `closeServer` hook runs afterwards, so it is the last event.
+    expect(order.at(-1)).toBe('closeServer')
+    expect(order.indexOf('closeBundle')).toBeLessThan(
+      order.indexOf('closeServer'),
+    )
+  })
+
+  test('runs hooks in parallel', async () => {
+    const events: string[] = []
+    const server = await createServer({
+      configFile: false,
+      root: import.meta.dirname,
+      plugins: [
+        {
+          name: 'a',
+          async closeServer() {
+            events.push('a:start')
+            await new Promise((r) => setTimeout(r, 20))
+            events.push('a:end')
+          },
+        },
+        {
+          name: 'b',
+          async closeServer() {
+            events.push('b:start')
+            await new Promise((r) => setTimeout(r, 20))
+            events.push('b:end')
+          },
+        },
+        resolveEntryPlugin,
+      ],
+      logLevel: 'error',
+      server: { middlewareMode: true, ws: false },
+    })
+
+    await server.close()
+
+    // Both hooks start before either finishes.
+    expect(events.slice(0, 2)).toStrictEqual(['a:start', 'b:start'])
+  })
+
+  test('is called only once even if close() is called multiple times', async () => {
+    const closeServer = vi.fn()
+    const server = await createServerWithPlugin({
+      name: 'test',
+      closeServer,
+    })
+
+    await Promise.all([server.close(), server.close()])
+    await server.close()
+
+    expect(closeServer).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1)
+  })
+
+  test('is called with reason "restart" on server.restart()', async () => {
+    const closeServer = vi.fn()
+    const server = await createServerWithPlugin({
+      name: 'test',
+      closeServer,
+    })
+
+    await server.restart()
+
+    expect(closeServer).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1)
+    expect(closeServer).toHaveBeenCalledWith({ reason: 'restart' })
+
+    await server.close()
+  })
+})
+
+describe('closePreviewServer hook', () => {
+  test('is called on preview server.close()', async () => {
+    const closePreviewServer = vi.fn()
+    const server = await createPreviewServerWithPlugin({
+      name: 'test',
+      closePreviewServer,
+    })
+
+    await server.close()
+
+    expect(closePreviewServer).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1)
+  })
+
+  test('is awaited before server.close() resolves', async () => {
+    let hookDone = false
+    const server = await createPreviewServerWithPlugin({
+      name: 'test',
+      async closePreviewServer() {
+        await new Promise((r) => setTimeout(r, 10))
+        hookDone = true
+      },
+    })
+
+    await server.close()
+
+    // `server.close()` does not resolve until the async hook has completed.
+    expect(hookDone).toBe(true)
+  })
+})
diff --git a/packages/vite/src/node/plugin.ts b/packages/vite/src/node/plugin.ts
index a0be15a581123e..bed86871a58aa0 100644
--- a/packages/vite/src/node/plugin.ts
+++ b/packages/vite/src/node/plugin.ts
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ import type {
   ResolvedConfig,
   UserConfig,
 } from './config'
-import type { ServerHook } from './server'
+import type { CloseServerHook, ServerHook } from './server'
 import type { BuildAppHook } from './build'
 import type { IndexHtmlTransform } from './plugins/html'
 import type { EnvironmentModuleNode } from './server/moduleGraph'
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ import type { HmrContext, HotUpdateOptions } from './server/hmr'
 import type { DevEnvironment } from './server/environment'
 import type { Environment } from './environment'
 import type { PartialEnvironment } from './baseEnvironment'
-import type { PreviewServerHook } from './preview'
+import type { ClosePreviewServerHook, PreviewServerHook } from './preview'
 import { arraify, asyncFlatten } from './utils'
 import type { StringFilter } from './plugins/pluginFilter'
 
@@ -303,6 +303,20 @@ export interface Plugin<A = any> extends RolldownPlugin<A> {
    * applied. Hooks can be async functions and will be called in series.
    */
   configurePreviewServer?: ObjectHook<PreviewServerHook>
+  /**
+   * Run logic when the server is restarted or closed. The hook receives a
+   * `reason` that is `'restart'` when the server is restarting and `'close'`
+   * when it is closing.
+   *
+   * The hooks are called after the server is torn down. Hooks can be async
+   * functions and will be called in parallel.
+   */
+  closeServer?: ObjectHook<CloseServerHook>
+  /**
+   * Same as `closeServer` but for the preview server. The preview server never
+   * restarts, so no `reason` is provided.
+   */
+  closePreviewServer?: ObjectHook<ClosePreviewServerHook>
   /**
    * Transform index.html.
    * The hook receives the following arguments:
diff --git a/packages/vite/src/node/preview.ts b/packages/vite/src/node/preview.ts
index ac34549420e126..93e1331491b561 100644
--- a/packages/vite/src/node/preview.ts
+++ b/packages/vite/src/node/preview.ts
@@ -121,6 +121,10 @@ export type PreviewServerHook = (
   server: PreviewServer,
 ) => (() => void) | void | Promise<(() => void) | void>
 
+export type ClosePreviewServerHook = (
+  this: MinimalPluginContextWithoutEnvironment,
+) => void | Promise<void>
+
 /**
  * Starts the Vite server in preview mode, to simulate a production deployment
  */
@@ -169,8 +173,20 @@ export async function preview(
   let closeServerPromise: Promise<void> | undefined
   const closeServer = async () => {
     teardownSIGTERMListener(closeServerAndExit)
+
     await closeHttpServer()
     server.resolvedUrls = null
+
+    // Run `closePreviewServer` plugin hooks after the server has been torn down.
+    const closePreviewServerContext = new BasicMinimalPluginContext(
+      { ...basePluginContextMeta, watchMode: false },
+      config.logger,
+    )
+    await Promise.all(
+      config
+        .getSortedPluginHooks('closePreviewServer')
+        .map((hook) => hook.call(closePreviewServerContext)),
+    )
   }
 
   const server: PreviewServer = {
diff --git a/packages/vite/src/node/server/index.ts b/packages/vite/src/node/server/index.ts
index 84a8d567a278eb..d3a51e9dfd5002 100644
--- a/packages/vite/src/node/server/index.ts
+++ b/packages/vite/src/node/server/index.ts
@@ -266,6 +266,20 @@ export type ServerHook = (
   server: ViteDevServer,
 ) => (() => void) | void | Promise<(() => void) | void>
 
+export interface CloseServerHookContext {
+  /**
+   * Whether the server is being restarted (e.g. a config change or
+   * `server.restart()`) or closed (e.g. the `q` shortcut, SIGTERM, stdin
+   * ending, or `server.close()`).
+   */
+  reason: 'restart' | 'close'
+}
+
+export type CloseServerHook = (
+  this: MinimalPluginContextWithoutEnvironment,
+  context: CloseServerHookContext,
+) => void | Promise<void>
+
 export type HttpServer = http.Server | Http2SecureServer
 
 export async function resolveForwardConsoleOptions(
@@ -439,6 +453,13 @@ export interface ViteDevServer {
    * @internal
    */
   _setInternalServer(server: ViteDevServer): void
+  /**
+   * Internal close implementation shared by `close()` and `restart()`. The
+   * `reason` is forwarded to `closeServer` plugin hooks so they can distinguish
+   * a restart from a real close.
+   * @internal
+   */
+  _closeServer(reason: 'restart' | 'close'): Promise<void>
   /**
    * @internal
    */
@@ -606,7 +627,7 @@ export async function _createServer(
 
   // Promise used by `server.close()` to ensure `closeServer()` is only called once
   let closeServerPromise: Promise<void> | undefined
-  const closeServer = async () => {
+  const closeServer = async (reason: 'restart' | 'close') => {
     if (!middlewareMode) {
       teardownSIGTERMListener(closeServerAndExit)
     }
@@ -624,6 +645,17 @@ export async function _createServer(
     ])
     server.resolvedUrls = null
     server._ssrCompatModuleRunner = undefined
+
+    // Run `closeServer` plugin hooks after the server has been torn down.
+    const closeServerContext = new BasicMinimalPluginContext(
+      { ...basePluginContextMeta, watchMode: true },
+      config.logger,
+    )
+    await Promise.all(
+      config
+        .getSortedPluginHooks('closeServer')
+        .map((hook) => hook.call(closeServerContext, { reason })),
+    )
   }
 
   let hot = ws
@@ -782,10 +814,7 @@ export async function _createServer(
       }
     },
     async close() {
-      if (!closeServerPromise) {
-        closeServerPromise = closeServer()
-      }
-      return closeServerPromise
+      return server._closeServer('close')
     },
     printUrls() {
       if (server.resolvedUrls) {
@@ -825,6 +854,12 @@ export async function _createServer(
       // server instance after a restart
       server = _server
     },
+    _closeServer(reason: 'restart' | 'close') {
+      if (!closeServerPromise) {
+        closeServerPromise = closeServer(reason)
+      }
+      return closeServerPromise
+    },
     _restartPromise: options.previousRestartPromise ?? null,
     _forceOptimizeOnRestart: options.previousForceOptimizeOnRestart ?? false,
     _shortcutsState: options.previousShortcutsState,
@@ -1380,7 +1415,9 @@ async function restartServer(server: ViteDevServer) {
     // Detach readline so close handler skips it. Reused to avoid stdin issues
     server._shortcutsState = undefined
 
-    await server.close()
+    // Close with reason 'restart' so `closeServer` hooks can distinguish a
+    // restart from a real close.
+    await server._closeServer('restart')
 
     // Assign new server props to existing server instance
     const middlewares = server.middlewares