eoExtractionMethod.xml

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<dictionary title="eoExtractionMethod">
    <desc>A dictionary of 87 terms related to Essential Oil extraction methods</desc>
    <authors> Emanuel Faria, President https://www.verriclar.com, https://www.verriclar.com.br/</authors>
    <contributors>Peter Murray-Rust, Reader Emeritus in Molecular Informatics, Unilever Centre, Dept. Of Chemistry University of Cambridge</contributors>
    <lastupdate> 2020-04-27 by Emanuel Faria</lastupdate>
    <entry id="EM01" term="steam distillation" acronym="HD" wikidata="Q1164392" description="Steam distillation is a type of distillation (a separation or extraction process) for a temperature-sensitive plant such as natural aromatic compounds."/>
    <entry id="EM02" term="vacuity distillation" acronym="" wikidata="Q1648382" description="Vacuum distillation is distillation performed under reduced pressure, which allows the purification of compounds not readily distilled at ambient pressures or simply to save time or energy. This technique separates compounds based on differences in boiling points. This technique is used when the boiling point of the desired compound is difficult to achieve or will cause the compound to decompose."/>
    <entry id="EM03" term="vacuum distillation" acronym="" wikidata="Q1648382" description="Vacuum distillation is distillation performed under reduced pressure, which allows the purification of compounds not readily distilled at ambient pressures or simply to save time or energy. This technique separates compounds based on differences in boiling points. This technique is used when the boiling point of the desired compound is difficult to achieve or will cause the compound to decompose."/>
    <entry id="EM04" term="cold pressed" acronym="" wikidata="Q1703417" description="Expression as a method of fragrance extraction where raw materials are pressed, squeezed or compressed and the essential oils are collected. In contemporary times, the only fragrant oils obtained using this method are the peels of fruits in the citrus family."/>
    <entry id="EM05" term="cold pressing" acronym="" wikidata="Q1703417" description="Expression as a method of fragrance extraction where raw materials are pressed, squeezed or compressed and the essential oils are collected. The cold pressed method is also known as scarification method. "/>
    <entry id="EM06" term="expression" acronym="" wikidata="Q1703417" description="Expression as a method of fragrance extraction where raw materials are pressed, squeezed or compressed and the essential oils are collected. The cold pressed method is also known as scarification method. "/>
    <entry id="EM07" term="destructive distillation" acronym="" wikidata="Q185662" description=""/>
    <entry id="EM08" term="dry distillation" acronym="" wikidata="Q185662" description="Also known as rectification, the raw materials are directly heated in a still without a carrier solvent such as water"/>
    <entry id="EM09" term="rectification" acronym="" wikidata="Q185662" description=""/>
    <entry id="EM10" term="pervaporation" acronym="" wikidata="Q2072760" description="Pervaporation (or pervaporative separation) is a processing method for the separation of mixtures of liquids by partial vaporization through a non-porous or porous membrane."/>
    <entry id="EM11" term="electromembrane extraction" acronym="EME" wikidata="Q25312984" description="Electromembrane extraction, or EME, is a miniaturized liquid-liquid extraction technique developed for sample preparation of aqueous samples prior to analysis by chromatography, electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, and related techniques in analytical chemistry."/>
    <entry id="EM12" term="soxhlet extraction" acronym="" wikidata="Q29509005" description="Solvent extraction, also known as Liquid–liquid extraction or partitioning, is a method to separate a compound based on the solubility of its parts (eg. extraction of a lipid from a solid material). "/>
    <entry id="EM13" term="expeller pressing" acronym="" wikidata="Q2963433" description="Expeller pressing (also called oil pressing) is a mechanical method for extracting oil from raw materials. The raw materials are squeezed under high pressure in a single step. "/>
    <entry id="EM14" term="dynamic headspace technique" acronym="" wikidata="Q34147320" description="Headspace gas chromatography uses headspace gas—from the top or head of a sealed container containing a liquid or solid brought to equilibrium—injected directly onto a gas chromatographic column for separation and analysis.  Dynamic headspace sampling involves sweeping the analyte with a stream of air or gas and adsorption of the volatiles from the gas stream on an adsorbent trap. "/>
    <entry id="EM15" term="headspace solid phase microextraction" acronym="HS-SPME" wikidata="Q34147320" description="Headspace solid-phase microextraction procedures for gas chromatographic analysis of biological fluids and materials. Solid Phase Micro Extraction (SPME) is a solvent-free method which is used to trap flavours and fragrances either from aqueous samples (immersion SPME) or from the vapour space above a liquid or a solid sample (headspace SPME)."/>
    <entry id="EM16" term="headspace solvent microextraction" acronym="" wikidata="Q34147320" description=""/>
    <entry id="EM17" term="immersion solid phase micro-extraction " acronym=" immersion SPME" wikidata="Q34147320" description=""/>
    <entry id="EM18" term="solid-phase microextraction" acronym="SPME" wikidata="Q34147320" description="Solid-phase microextraction, or SPME, is a solid phase extraction sampling technique that involves the use of a fiber coated with an extracting phase, that can be a liquid (polymer) or a solid (sorbent), which extracts different kinds of analytes (including both volatile and non-volatile) from different kinds of media, that can be in liquid or gas phase."/>
    <entry id="EM19" term="static headspace technique" acronym="" wikidata="Q34147320" description="In the static headspace sampling technique, analyte is kept in a closed vial and the air (headspace air) above the solid or a liquid sample is sampled by a gas syringe or directed on to the gas chromatography column or more usually first concentrated on an adsorbent trap. "/>
    <entry id="EM20" term="vacuum headspace technique" acronym="" wikidata="Q34147320" description="Vacuum headspace sampling technique involves suction of the headspace air via a vacuum pump through condensers cooled with liquid nitrogen to condense odorous principles. This technique is also used by some perfumery companies for commercial scale production of fragrances. "/>
    <entry id="EM21" term="analytical thermal desorption" acronym="" wikidata="Q3706001" description=""/>
    <entry id="EM22" term="direct thermal desorption" acronym="" wikidata="Q3706001" description=""/>
    <entry id="EM23" term="thermal desorption" acronym="" wikidata="Q3706001" description="Technique that concentrates volatile organic compounds in gas streams prior to injection into a gas chromatograph. It can be used to lower the detection limits of GC methods, and can improve chromatographic performance by reducing peak widths"/>
    <entry id="EM24" term="sonication" acronym="" wikidata="Q3964828" description="Sonication is the act of applying sound energy to agitate particles in a sample, for various purposes such as the extraction of multiple compounds from plants, microalgae and seaweeds. Ultrasonic frequencies (&gt;20 kHz) are usually used, leading to the process also being known as ultrasonication or ultra-sonication."/>
    <entry id="EM25" term="ultra-sonication" acronym="" wikidata="Q3964828" description="Sonication is the act of applying sound energy to agitate particles in a sample, for various purposes such as the extraction of multiple compounds from plants, microalgae and seaweeds. Ultrasonic frequencies (&gt;20 kHz) are usually used, leading to the process also being known as ultrasonication or ultra-sonication."/>
    <entry id="EM26" term="ultrasonically assisted extraction" acronym="UAE" wikidata="Q3964828" description=""/>
    <entry id="EM27" term="ultrasonication" acronym="" wikidata="Q3964828" description="Sonication is the act of applying sound energy to agitate particles in a sample, for various purposes such as the extraction of multiple compounds from plants, microalgae and seaweeds. Ultrasonic frequencies (&gt;20 kHz) are usually used, leading to the process also being known as ultrasonication or ultra-sonication."/>
    <entry id="EM28" term="ultrasound-assisted extraction" acronym="UAE" wikidata="Q3964828" description=""/>
    <entry id="EM29" term="supercritical CO2 extraction" acronym="" wikidata="Q4410204" description="Essential oils derived from the supercritical CO2 extraction of herbs are similar to the oils produced through distillation in that they can be used in aromatherapy and natural perfumery. Oils derived from steam distillation vary in their qualities depending on the temperatures, pressures, and length of time applied for the process. The CO2 extraction process might thus produce higher quality oils that have not been altered by the application of high heat, unlike the steam distillation process. In CO2 extraction, none of the constituents of the oil are damaged by heat. "/>
    <entry id="EM30" term="supercritical fluid extraction" acronym="SFE" wikidata="Q4410204" description="Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) is the process of separating one component (the extractant) from another (the matrix) using supercritical fluids as the extracting solvent. Extraction is usually from a solid matrix, but can also be from liquids. SFE can be used as a sample preparation step for analytical purposes, or on a larger scale to either strip unwanted material from a product (e.g. decaffeination) or collect a desired product (e.g. essential oils)."/>
    <entry id="EM31" term="liquid membrane extraction" acronym="" wikidata="Q444682" description=""/>
    <entry id="EM32" term="membrane distillation" acronym="" wikidata="Q444682" description=""/>
    <entry id="EM33" term="membrane extraction technique" acronym="" wikidata="Q444682" description=""/>
    <entry id="EM34" term="cohobation " acronym="" wikidata="Q5141384" description="Cohobation is a procedure that can only be used during water distillation or water and steam distillation. It involves the process of repeated distillation (through recirculation) of the same matter, with the liquid drawn from it; that liquid being poured again and again upon the matter left at the bottom of the vessel."/>
    <entry id="EM35" term="cohobation " acronym="" wikidata="Q5141384" description="Cohobation is a procedure that can only be used during water distillation or water and steam distillation. It involves the process of repeated distillation (through recirculation) of the same matter, with the liquid drawn from it; that liquid being poured again and again upon the matter left at the bottom of the vessel."/>
    <entry id="EM36" term="fragrance extraction" acronym="" wikidata="Q5477747" description="Fragrance extraction refers to the separation process of aromatic compounds from raw materials, using methods such as distillation, solvent extraction, expression, sieving, or enfleurage. Raw materials are submerged and agitated in a solvent that can dissolve the desired aromatic compounds. Commonly used solvents for maceration/solvent extraction include hexane, and dimethyl ether."/>
    <entry id="EM37" term="molecular spinning band distillation" acronym="" wikidata="Q6358355" description=""/>
    <entry id="EM38" term="spinning band distillation" acronym="" wikidata="Q6358355" description="Spinning band distillation is a technique used to separate liquid mixtures which are similar in boiling points. When liquids with similar boiling points are distilled, the vapors are mixtures, and not pure compounds. "/>
    <entry id="EM39" term="maceration" acronym="" wikidata="Q6723260" description="Macerated oils are also referred to as infused oils. They are created when carrier oils are used as solvents to extract therapeutic properties from plant material. "/>
    <entry id="EM40" term="fractional distillation" acronym="" wikidata="Q840492" description="Fractional distillation is the separation of a mixture into its component parts, or fractions. Chemical compounds are separated by heating them to a temperature at which one or more fractions of the mixture will vaporize. It uses distillation to fractionate. "/>
    <entry id="EM41" term="ethanol extraction" acronym="" wikidata="Q866399" description="Ethanol extraction is a type of solvent extraction used to extract fragrant compounds directly from dry raw materials, as well as the impure oils or concrete resulting from organic solvent extraction, expression, or enfluerage. Ethanol extracts from dry materials are called tinctures, while ethanol washes for purifying oils and concretes are called absolutes."/>
    <entry id="EM42" term="hexane extraction" acronym="" wikidata="Q866399" description=""/>
    <entry id="EM43" term="liquid-liquid extraction" acronym="" wikidata="Q866399" description="Solvent extraction, also known as Liquid–liquid extraction or partitioning, is a method to separate a compound based on the solubility of its parts. This is done using two liquids that don't mix, for example, water and an organic solvent. "/>
    <entry id="EM44" term="partitioning" acronym="" wikidata="Q866399" description="Solvent extraction, also known as Liquid–liquid extraction or partitioning, is a method to separate a compound based on the solubility of its parts. This is done using two liquids that don't mix, for example, water and an organic solvent. "/>
    <entry id="EM45" term="phytol extraction" acronym="" wikidata="Q866399" description=""/>
    <entry id="EM46" term="phytosol solvent extraction" acronym="PSE" wikidata="Q866399" description=""/>
    <entry id="EM47" term="solvent extraction" acronym="" wikidata="Q866399" description="Solvent extraction, also known as Liquid–liquid extraction or partitioning, is a method to separate a compound based on the solubility of its parts. This is done using two liquids that don't mix, for example, water and an organic solvent. "/>
    <entry id="EM48" term="clevenger distillation" acronym="" wikidata="Q87132877" description=""/>
    <entry id="EM49" term="simultaneous distillation extraction" acronym="SDE" wikidata="Q87139780" description="Simultaneous distillation-extraction (SDE) using the Likens-Nickerson apparatus is a convenient technique used to isolate volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from complex liquid matrices. The technique combines steam distillation with solvent extraction. "/>
    <entry id="EM50" term="controlled instantaneous decomposition" acronym="CID" wikidata="Q87140298" description="The process involves subjecting the partially humidified plant material for a short period of time to a steam pressure varying from 0.5 to 3 bar followed by a rapid decompression to a vacuum (about 15 mbar) for 200 msec each time. The vapour in the plant material created by autovaporization produces a mechanical strength which ruptures the oil cells. Due to pressure differences in the extractor and vacuum chamber, in each opening of the pressure valve oil-rich vapour is instantaneously sucked into the vacuum chamber where it instantly condenses."/>
    <entry id="EM51" term="micro-distillation" acronym="" wikidata="Q87143739" description="Microdistillation is a micro scale distillation technique which allows rapid, programmable distillation.  requires less than 1 gr or 1 ml of material. fast preparation and set-up. Fast isolation and readiness for analysis. Cheaper and more efficient in long term use. Easy operation."/>
    <entry id="EM52" term="microdistillation" acronym="" wikidata="Q87143739" description="Microdistillation is a micro scale distillation technique which allows rapid, programmable distillation.  requires less than 1 gr or 1 ml of material. fast preparation and set-up. Fast isolation and readiness for analysis. Cheaper and more efficient in long term use. Easy operation."/>
    <entry id="EM53" term="hot enfleurage" acronym="" wikidata="Q87146034" description=" Enfleurage is a two-step process during which the odour of aromatic materials is absorbed into wax or fat, then extracted with alcohol. Extraction by enfleurage was commonly used when distillation was not possible because some fragrant compounds denature through high heat. "/>
    <entry id="EM54" term="hot maceration" acronym="" wikidata="Q87146034" description="In this process, the long enfleurage time is reduced by the immersion of petals in molten fat heated at 45°-60° C for 1 to 2 h, depending upon the plant species. After each immersion, the fat is filtered and separated from the petals. After 10 to 20 immersions, the fat is separated from waste flowers and water. Absolute of maceration is then produced from fat containing oil through the process of extraction and concentration under reduced pressure."/>
    <entry id="EM55" term="hydrodistillation" acronym="HD" wikidata="Q87192579" description="Hydrodistillation normally used to isolation essential oils from the aromatic and medicinal plant. In this method, the material is completely immersed in water, which is boiled by applying heat by direct fire, steam jacket, closed steam jacket, closed steam coil or open steam coil. The main characteristic of this process is that there is direct contact between boiling water and plant material (unlike hydrodistillation, where the plant material is not immersed in the water)."/>
    <entry id="EM56" term="hydrodistilled" acronym="HD" wikidata="Q87192579" description="In order to isolate essential oils by hydrodistillation, the aromatic plant material is packed in a still and a sufficient quantity of water is added and brought to a boil (but unlike water distillation, the plant material is not immersed in the water); alternatively, live steam is injected into the plant charge."/>
    <entry id="EM57" term="microwave assisted extraction" acronym="MAE" wikidata="Q87192604" description="Microwave-assisted hydrodistillation is an advanced hydrodistillation technique utilizing a microwave oven in the extraction process. It may include any one of three Solvent Extraction Heating Mechanisms. Type-I: The sample could be immersed in a single solvent or mixture of solvents that absorb microwave energy strongly. Type-II: The sample could be extracted in a combined solvent containing solvents with both high and low dielectric losses mixed in various proportions. Type-III: Samples that have a high dielectric loss can be extracted with a microwave transparent solvent."/>
    <entry id="EM58" term="microwave extraction and distillation" acronym="" wikidata="Q87192604" description="Microwave-assisted hydrodistillation is an advanced hydrodistillation technique utilizing a microwave oven in the extraction process. It may include any one of three Solvent Extraction Heating Mechanisms. Type-I: The sample could be immersed in a single solvent or mixture of solvents that absorb microwave energy strongly. Type-II: The sample could be extracted in a combined solvent containing solvents with both high and low dielectric losses mixed in various proportions. Type-III: Samples that have a high dielectric loss can be extracted with a microwave transparent solvent."/>
    <entry id="EM59" term="microwave-assisted hydro-distillation" acronym="MAHD" wikidata="Q87192604" description="Microwave-assisted hydrodistillation is an advanced hydrodistillation technique utilizing a microwave oven in the extraction process. It may include any one of three Solvent Extraction Heating Mechanisms. Type-I: The sample could be immersed in a single solvent or mixture of solvents that absorb microwave energy strongly. Type-II: The sample could be extracted in a combined solvent containing solvents with both high and low dielectric losses mixed in various proportions. Type-III: Samples that have a high dielectric loss can be extracted with a microwave transparent solvent."/>
    <entry id="EM60" term="pelatrice process " acronym="" wikidata="Q87192875" description="In the pelatrice process, citrus fruits are fed from a hopper into the abrasive shell of the machine. The fruits are rotated against the abrasive shell by a slow-moving Archimedian screw whose surface rasps the fruit surfaces causing some of the essential oil cavities on the peel to burst and release their oil-water emulsion."/>
    <entry id="EM61" term="sfumatrice Process" acronym="" wikidata="Q87193222" description="The sfumatrice Method is the process of pressing the citrus oil from previously juiced peels. It is part of a total juicing process (aka Birillatrice) where citrus fruits are sliced in half and individually juiced with a rotating cone-shaped reamer."/>
    <entry id="EM62" term="stir-bar sorptive extraction" acronym="SBSE" wikidata="Q87193341" description="Stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) is an extraction technique for enrichment of volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds from aqueous and gaseous media. After exposure to a sample, the stir bar, which is covered in a layer of a polysiloxane is subsequently removed and the sorbed compounds are then either thermally desorbed, and analysed by GC-MS or desorbed by means of a liquid, for improved selectivity or for interfacing to an LC system."/>
    <entry id="EM63" term="superheated water extraction" acronym="SWE" wikidata="Q87193355" description="Superheated Water Extraction is an Accelerated Solvent Extraction (ASE) is a method for extracting various chemicals from a complex solid or semisolid sample matrix usin liquid water under pressure at temperatures between 100°C and 374°C."/>
    <entry id="EM64" term="thermomicrodistillation" acronym="" wikidata="Q87193770" description="With the aid of a so-called TAS-oven (thermo-micro, application, separation), substances that volatilize at fairly high temperatures can be distilled from the specimen onto the TLC plate."/>
    <entry id="EM65" term="sieving" acronym="" wikidata="Q87193772" description="Sieving is a simple technique for separating particles of different sizes. A sieve such as used for sifting flour has very small holes. Coarse particles are separated or broken up by grinding against one another and the screen openings."/>
    <entry id="EM66" term="poroplast extraction technique " acronym="" wikidata="Q87194652" description="In the flavor and fragrance industry, where natural products are extremely diversified, while the volumes are relatively small, the wide use of conventional efficient liquid-liquid extraction becomes cost-prohibitive. "/>
    <entry id="EM67" term="preparative fractionation by GC-fraction collector" acronym="PFC " wikidata="Q87194667" description="In this fractionation method, the sample is dissolved and then the desired fractions are crystallized by programming decreasing temperature steps. At each temperature step, part of the sample will crystallize corresponding to the fraction at this cut, while the rest will remain in solution. The crystallized part will be separated from the solution, re-dissolved and finally it will be filtrated and collected as the corresponding temperature cut fraction. The remaining solution will repeat the same steps for each following temperature cut."/>
    <entry id="EM68" term="Bligh and Dyer method" acronym="" wikidata="Q87194681" description="The wet tissue is homogenized with a mixture of chloroform and methanol in such proportions that a miscible system is formed with the water in the tissue. Dilution with chloroform and water separates the homogenate into two layers, the chloroform layer containing all the lipids and the methanolic layer containing all the non-lipids. A purified lipid extract is obtained merely by isolating the chloroform layer."/>
    <entry id="EM69" term="cold enfleurage" acronym="" wikidata="Q900621" description="Enfleurage is a two-step process during which the odour of aromatic materials is absorbed into wax or fat, then extracted with alcohol."/>
    <entry id="EM70" term="enfleurage" acronym="" wikidata="Q900621" description="Enfleurage is a two-step process during which the odour of aromatic materials is absorbed into wax or fat, then extracted with alcohol."/>
    <entry id="EM71" term="molecular distillation" acronym="" wikidata="Q9206474" description="Molecular distillation is vacuum distillation below the pressure of 0.01 torr. 0.01 torr. "/>
    <entry id="EM72" term="brown peel shaver" acronym="" wikidata="" description=""/>
    <entry id="EM73" term="clevenger-type apparatus" acronym="" wikidata="" description=""/>
    <entry id="EM74" term="expeller" acronym="" wikidata="" description=""/>
    <entry id="EM75" term="FMC in-line extractor" acronym="" wikidata="" description=""/>
    <entry id="EM76" term="hydro-distillation apparatus" acronym="" wikidata="" description=""/>
    <entry id="EM77" term="pelatrice" acronym="" wikidata="" description=""/>
    <entry id="EM78" term="rotary evaporator" acronym="" wikidata="" description=""/>
    <entry id="EM79" term="scratch" acronym="" wikidata="" description="For natural rubber, workers called tappers cut a shallow groove in the bark of a tree and collect the drops of latex in a cup. For opium production, the skin of the ripening pods of these poppies is scored by a sharp blade at a time carefully and then dry latex collected."/>
    <entry id="EM80" term="SFE apparatus" acronym="" wikidata="" description=""/>
    <entry id="EM81" term="sfumatrice " acronym="" wikidata="" description=""/>
    <entry id="EM82" term="sieve" acronym="" wikidata="" description=""/>
    <entry id="EM83" term="solvent flavor evaporation" acronym="" wikidata="" description=""/>
    <entry id="EM84" term="soxhlet device" acronym="" wikidata="" description=""/>
    <entry id="EM85" term="soxhlet extraction" acronym="" wikidata="" description=""/>
    <entry id="EM86" term="soxhlet extractor" acronym="" wikidata="" description=""/>
    <entry id="EM87" term="subsidize apparatus" acronym="" wikidata="" description=""/>
    <entry id="EM88" term="distilled" acronym="" wikidata="" description=""/>
    <entry id="EM89" term="CO2 extract" acronym="" wikidata="" description=""/>

    
</dictionary>